Steaiff-cleaniub method amd apparatus



July 3, 1928 OriginalFiled Sept. 5, 1924 5 sheets-sheet if W a W 4 WWW 7. 7 3 I 3 "\n M H U Q MM my I. la E t o 0, 9 z .2 o a 3 3 O y. m 8 3 4 J R o[ :1 J 6 F W. 4 V z y 3 o O Pressure Gauge i) W a m 0 6/80/77 Ge/zerafions Sta v91 160/51 Gas Burner 7 July 3, 1928'.

S. A. WIER STEAM CLEANING :METHOD AND APPARATUS Original Filed Sept. 5; 1924" :5 shee 2 S. A. WIER STEAM CLEANING METHOD AND APPARATUS July 3, 1928. I Re.- 17,021

Original Filed Sept. 5, 1924 5 Shets-Sheet 3 alto! my surface.

Reissued July 3, 1928.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

STU ABT A, WIER, OF DALLAS, TEXAS.

STEAM-CLEANING mn'rnon AND APPARATUS.

Original No. 1,607,034, dated November 16, 1926,

Serial No. 736,142, filed September 5, 1924. Application for reissue filed May 5, 1928. Serial No. 275,533.

This invention relates to new and useful improvements in steam generating and surface treating methods and apparatuses.

The use of steam as an agent for removing grease, dirt and other accumulations from the surfaces of automobiles and'other surfaces has been suggested, but, its use alone, or its generation for use, at any fixed temperature and pressure, is open in one way or another to decided objections.

If superheated steam, as such, or saturated steam of fairly high temperature and pressure alone is used, its temperature is high enough to damage painted and varnished surfaces. Such a steam, for example, can not be used to cleanse the body of an automobile without blistering or causing other damage to,.the paint and'vvarnish thereof. If such steam is used to free the chassis and parts of the running gear of an automobile from grease and dirt, it is not only liable to cause injury to the surface finish of the running gear but; will rise in a cloud and cause at lea-st permanent discoloration of the paint and varnish of the vehicle body.

If, on the other hand, steam of lowtemperature and pressure is used, the steam may have suflicient heat and watery content to partially loosen the surface accumulations, but its pressure will be insufficient to blow the partly loosened or freed surface accumulations away. y

In order to secure a reliable and efficient cleansing action, particularly for the removal of oil, grease, caked dust and mud, it is necessary that the heated cleansing agent be in a watery condition or watery vapor state for immediate condensation on coming in contact with the surface for a washingaction, of sufficiently high temperature to free the oil, grease and caked accumulations, to prevent injury to the paint and varnish, and it must also be under sufiicient pressure to dislodge the oil, grease, mud and caked dirt loosened by the action of the heat and to cause a washing action through the move ment of the water of condensation over the I have discdvered a method of applying a steam cleansing agent in this necessary an desirable condition and which obviates the objections to the use of steam of any fixed temperature or pressure, this discovery conwhile of sufficiently low temperature a saturated steam vapor,

sisting in a new mode of production of a cleansing jet by the generation and admixture of bodies of steam of two difi'erent temperatures and pressures, which immediately become balanced in pressure, whereby a cleansing jet consisting of atomized particles of hot water and water vapor under suffi- -cient velocity to dislodge and wash away the surface accumulations is produced.

An effective way of producing this jet for a continuous cleansing action is to generate saturated steam in large volume and at low temperature and pressure, to divide this steam into two streams, one of which is used to produce the larger proportion of the Watery content, andt-o superheat the other stream and then mix the two streams together, a portion of the superheated steam being thereby condensed to increase the water content of the mixture, and the remainder of'the superheated steam, which is reduced at the time of mixture by heat exchange to a saturated steam of lower temperature, being utilized to form with the water of condensation a jet having the desirable characteristics described.

The eiliciency of the cleansing jet may be further increased, particularly for the cleansing of oil or grease coated surfaces, by combining with the jet a suitable soluble detergent, such as soap, so that the cleansing agent may be employed in the form of a spray composed of mixed atomized soapy particles of water and low pressure steam v vapor which will give a loosening action due to its heat and a cutting and washing action due to its volume of moisture and detergent content. 7

In accordance with my method, the sat urated steam is utilized to agitate a body of this soap and by its condensation to supply to form with the soap a hot solution, solution is mixed with the supersteam, a portion of which condenses ancF-raises the temperature of the hot solution while adding through its water of condensation to its water content, the remainder of the superheated steam being reduced to the pressure of which is just sufficient to form a jet of proper characteristics. Where soap, a hydrocarbon or other detergent is used, the superheated steam has a further valuable property in that, through A further object is to'provide a generator of the vertical -whereby the greatest heating efliciency isv its raising of the temperature of the solution and-its addition by partial condensation to the watery content thereof, any small particles of free alkali or undissolved portions of the detergent will be dissolved so as to properly temper the solution and reduce it to the right strength, therebyobviating the possibility of an over-strength solution being supplied or one which will spot or otherwise, mar the surface finish being treated.

One object of my invention is to provide a method and an apparatus whereby steam may be efficiently employed as a cleansing agent for the purposes and with the advantages stated.

. Another object of the invention is to provide a method and an apparatus whereby steams of two different temperatures may be readily and efliciently formed and combined for the production of a cleansing jet having the desired characteristics stated.

Still another object of tlie invention is to provide a method and an apparatus whereby a detergent may be combined with the water of condensation from the steam and utilized in the most efl'ective manner without injury to the surface to be treated.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for the production and combination of the components of the cleansing spray in acontinuous manner and for continuous treatment of the surface and without periodic shut downs or interruptions in generation or of the necessity of particular care being taken in the process of generation for the production of steams of the exact temperatures and pressures desired.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a steam generatin and mixing apparatus which is simple of construction, reliable and eflicient in action, and which in operation requires a minimum amount of attention. 7

Still another object is to provide a relief cock on the soap or chemical container so that steam pressure therein may be relieved before said container is opened for refilling.

An important feature resides in securing the soap container to the generator in a permanent and rigid manner so as to prevent separation or relatiye displacement of the tank in shipping and handlin whereby the alinement and coordination of the pipe connections is preserved.

coil type having its coils intermeshing and alternating insuch a manner as to "permit the placing of a maximum number of coils in a given space and to utilize the overlapping coils as baflies to deflect the upward passage of the heat units,

had. Another object is to provide s. generator jacket with a removable cap, whereby access may be had readily to the coils for removal and inspection.

A construction designed to carry out the invention will be hereinafter described 'together with other features of the invention.

The invention willbe more readily understood from a reading of the following specification and by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which an example of the invention is shown, and wherein Fig. 1 is an elevation of an apparatus tion,

Fig. 2 thereto,

Fig. 3 is a plan view of the apparatus,

Fig. 4 is a vertical sectional View taken on the line 4-4 of Fig. 3,

Fig. 5 is a vertical sectional view taken on the line 55 of Fig. 3,

Fig. 6 is a horizontal cross-sectional, view taken on the line 66 of Fig. 4,

Fig. 7 is a plan view of the generating unit,

Fig. 8 is an elevation of the same, and

Fig. 9 is a diagrammatical view of the apparatus. J

In the drawings'the numeral 10 desi nates a vertical cylindrical metal jacketo suit able construction having a suitable fluid fuel burner 11 supported in its lower portion and surrounded by draft openings or perforations 12. Of course any suitable fire may be employed. Above the perforations is a similar view at right angles the jacket has an insulating lining 13 ofasbestos or similar material. Within the jacket is disposed a coil steam generator unit 14. This unit includes a central water column 15 closed at each end. Diametricall'y alined pipes 16 and 17 extend from opposite sides of the lower end of the column; These pipes terminate within the lining 13-. *The pipe 17 has a coupling 18 extending through the jacket and receiving a plug 19. By removing the plug the pipes 16 and 17 may be cleaned out. The pipe 16has a coupling 20 extending through the jacket and connected with a water supply or service pipe 21.

Above the pipes 16 and 17 a (plurality of vertical coils 22 are arranged an have their lower ends connected with the lower end of the column 15 and their upper ends conne'cted with the upper end ofsaid column. These-coils are disposed in a group about the column, each coil being vertically disposed and the coils of the groups, are alternately coiled in opposite directions. By observing Figs. 7 and 8 it will beseen that alternate coils are spirally coiled to the left,

while intermediate coils are spirally coiled to the right. This permits the right. hand coils to extend between or interm'esh with the left hand coils and vice versa. -Such an constructed in accordance with my invenrigidly in the jacket.

arrangement allows the number of coils to be doubled in a given space and also provides suflicient overlapping of the coils to form barriers or baflies around which the heat units must pass in their upward journey. The increased heating surface and the retarded passages make for greater economy, rapidity and efficiency in the generation of steam.

The coils terminate below thetop of the jacket. Dianietrically opposite pipes 23 and 24 extend from the top of the column 15 over the coils and are received in notches 25 in the upper edge of the jacket. These pipes are at right angles to the pipes 16 and 17 and with the couplings 18 and 20 support the generator unit and hold it To remove the unit it is merely necessary to unscrew the couplings and lift the unit. The jacket has an I out-turned flange or head 26 at its upper edge and a conical cap 27 resting on said flange has its lower edge 28 slightly crimped under the flange. This fastens the cap on the jacket, but by springing the edge 28 outwardly the cap may be removed. The cap has a collar 29 receiving a stack 30.

The pipe 24 is connected with a safety valve 31 on the outside of the jacket, while the pipe 23 is screwed into a T joint 32. To one side of the joint is connected a steam gauge 33. A steam conducting pipe 34 leads from the other side of-the joint and a second steam conducting pipe 35 extends downward from said joint. A vertical tank 36 is rigidly andpermanently attached to the upper end of the jacket in any suitable manner, as by a pair of channel irons 37 welded to the jacket and to which the tank is welded. The. tank extends above the jacket and has a cap 38 screwed thereon. The pipe 34 includes a globe valve 39 and is screwed into an elbow .40 connected with a pipe 41 extending intonthe tank. A check valve 42 is also included in the pipe 34 be tween valve 39 and the'elbow and prevents back pressure in the pipe 34. The pipe 41 is bent downwardly 'mthe tank (Fig. 4)-

'38 was removed while the contents ofthe tank are under pressure, the operator migpt suffer severe burns and other injury. closing the valve 39 andopeningthe coc 43, steam and other fluid under pressure is permitted to escape, after which the cap may be safely removed. A discharge pipe '44 leads from the bottom of the tank to a T joint 45 and includes a globe valve 46.

The pipe 35 which extends down from the joint 32 is connected with an elbow 47 attached to the extension 48 of a super-heating coil49. The extension passes through the jacket and th coil-is disposed horizontally around the lower end of the column 15 below the pipes 16 and 17. A pipe 50 leads from the center of the coil and is connected with a discharge pipe 51 by a coupling 52 extending through the jacket. The 'pipe 51 includes a globe valve 53 and is screwed into one side of the joint 45;

while a pipe 54 is screwed into the other side of the joint. A rubber hose or other conductor 55 is attached to the pipe 54.

In operating the apparatus water is supplied through the pipes 21 ,and 16 to the bottom of the column 15. The burner 11 is ignited or suitable fire is supplied. The water will rise inrthe column and also will flow into the lower ends of the coils. I Steam will be generated in the coils andflow into the upper end of the column. This steam which will be comparatively .wet, i. e., saturated steamsteain at low temperature and pressure, will escape into the pipes 23 and 24. The saturatedsteani from the pipe 23 after passing-into the T-joint 32 will be split into two portions or streams and flow through the pipes 34 and 35;

If the apparatus is to be used for steam cleaning automobiles or other structural work, a suitable soluble detergent compound 'is placed in the tank 36.

35 enters the superhcating coil 49 which is directly over the. burner 11. Saturated steam the same as is supplied to the pipe 39, enters the coil 49 from the pipe 35. This steam in passing through the coil 49 is superheated or reheated, whereby its temperature is raised, but when discharged into the pipe50, it is under substantially the same pressure as the steam or fluids through out the entire generator.

By opening the valves 46 and the hot detergent solution will flow through be heated and diluted with the pipe 44 into the T joint 45 when it will come into contact with the steam flowing through the pipe 51. This will heat the solution and also tend to condense the inflowing steam, with the result that a hot steam impelled detergent fluid-under considerable velocity will be discharged through the hose 55. Such fluid as reaches the work will contain much moisture arid the detergent 'or other solution will be sufficiently hot to function, but not hot enough to injure surfaces. The quantities of solution and steam may be controlled by manipulating the valves 46 and 53; while the pressure in the tank 36 may be controlled by the valve 39. By combining the hot detergent solution, secured-by the condensing of a body of saturated steam on a soluble detergent compound, with a body of superheated steam, the temperature of the latter is lowered, while the temperature of the mixture as a whole is raised through the resulting heat exchange, so that the mixture, jetted by the steam pressure from the discharge nozzle, will consist of soapy water in an atomized state commingled with a low pressure steam, substantially steam vapor, which will at once condense on coming in contact with the surface and will be reduced to the temperature of hot water.

It is obvious that a generous supply of detergent liquid and steam under considerable velocity is highly desirable, as steam alone will remove grease, mud and other 'matter from the work. The particular gen eratorherein set forth is very eflicient in such generation, owing to. ts large number of coils in close confinement and the baffle i i it is preferred, in practice, to employ a detergent solution, containing soap or any equivalent cleaning agent, a steam jet without the admixture of a detergent therewith may be employed under some conditions. Such a jet will consist, as will be readily understood from the foregoing description, of atomized particles of hot water, formed by the condensationof the saturated steam and a portion of the superheated steam and steam vapor as a result\of the heat exchange action. When the two streams are brought together, the steam vapor or low pressure steam will be of suflicient pres sure, 1. e., from 45 to 60 pounds, to give the required impulse pressure or velocity, but

will condense quickly on coming in contact with the surface, so that no steam will be given ofl'hot enough to injure the paint or other finish of'the surface being treated. ThlS is due to the fact that the presence of the water will reduce the steam temperature but the velocity behind the fluid will remain constant.

In either case, that is whether or not a detergent is used, the heat of the mixture will thin out and soften the oil or grease, while the water, under pressure, will exert a washing action on the surface, thereby securing an efficient cleansing action without harmful eflects. Of course if paint or varnish is to be removed a drier or hotter solution may be required and this may be accomplished by reducing the quantity of water supplied to the generator and the supplying of less steam to the tank 36, as well as by increasing the heat.

Various changes in the size and shape of the different parts, as well as mmlilications and alterations, may be made within the scope of the appended claims.

What I claim, is:

1. The method of cleaning surfaces, which consists in generating saturated steam at a low temperature and pressure, dividing such steam into two portions, reducing the temperature of one portion of the steam so as to produce a condensate consisting of hot Water or hot water and vapor, superheating the other portion of the steam, mixing the superheated steam with the condensate, and projecting the mixture by the pressure of such. steam against the surface to be treated.

2. The method of cleansing surfaces, consisting in generating in large quantities saturated steam at a low pressure and temperature, dividing the steam intotwo portions, utilizing one portion of the steam to heat and by agitation disintegrate a soluble surface treating medium and by condensation to form therewith a hot solution, superheating the other portion of the steam to raise its temperature, then mixing the superheated steam and the hot solution and thereby reducing the temperature of the steam, andthcn conducting the mixture to the work.

3. A continuous method of removing surface accumulations, which consists in con tinuously generating saturated steam, dividing the same into two line streams, bringing one line stream of said steam in contact with a detergent and causing said steam by heat exchange, agitation and condensation to form irith said detergent a hot solution, sub j'ecti i'igj the other line stream of the steam to a super-heating action, then conducting ll l) inlets of the tank and superheater for dividing the steam as generated and leading one portion of the steam to the tank and another portion of the steam to the supersuperheater, connectingmeans between the outlet of the steam generator and inlets of the, tank and superheater for dividing the steam as generated and leading one portion of the steam to the tank and another portion of the steam to the superheater, conductors leading from the outlets of the tank and superheater to a common point of connection, and a distributor leading from such point of connection.

- 6. In an apparatus of the character described, a generator for generating steam under low pressure and temperature, a mixing tank adapted to contain a detergent and for the formation of a detergent therein, a solution discharge outlet leading from the tank, a steam superheater, a steam supply connection between the outlet of the steam generator and the mixing tank, a steam "supply connection between the outlet of the generator and the superheater, and a commingling and discharge device communicating with the solution outlet of the tank and with said steam superheater.

7. In an apparatus of the character described, a steam generator for generating steam under low temperature and pressure, a mixing-tank adapted to contain a detergent and for the formation of a detergent solution therein, a valved solution discharge pipe leading from said tank, a superheater, a valved steam supply connection from the outlet of the steam generator to the mixing tank, a steam' supply. connection from the outlet of the steam generator to the steam superheater, a valved supply. pipe leading from the superheater and connected with the solution discharge pipe from the mixing tank, and a common discharge connection leading from said pipes at their point of connection.

8. In an apparatus of the character described, a steam generator forgenerating steam under low temperature and pressure, a superheater arranged beneath sald generator and coaxially therewith, a common means for heating the steam enerator and superheater, a mixing tank a apted to contain a detergent and for the formation ofa hot detergent solution therein, a steam supply connection between the outlet .of the generator and the mixing tank, a separate steam supply connection between the outlet of the steam generator and the superheater, valved discharge pipes "leading from the mixing tank and the superheater and having a common point of connection, and a discharge device communicating withsaid connection. r

9. In an apparatus of the character described, a steam generator for generating steam under low temperature and pressure, a mixing tank adapted to contain a deter-' gent and for the formation of a hot detergent solution therein, a steam supply'connection between the outlet of the steam generator and the mixing'tank,-a discharge outlet from said tank, .a. bypass connection between the outlet of the steam generator and said discharge outlet from the tank, a superheater arranged in said bypass connection, anda discharge device communicating with the discharge pipe from the tank and with said bypass connection beyond the outlet of the superheater.

10. In an apparatus of the, character described, a jacket, a steam generating coil arranged in said jacket for generating steam under low pressure and temperature, a superheater coil arranged in the jacket beneath the first-named generator coil, a heating means arranged in the jacket beneath said coils for heating both coils, a tank supported by the jacket and adapted to contain a detergent and for the formation of a 'hot detergent solution therein, a pipe connecting the outlet of the steam generator coil with the tank, a pipe connecting the outlet of the steam generator coil with the inlet of the superheater coil, discharge pipes leading from the tank and superheater coil respectively, said pipes being connected at a common point exteriorly of thejacket, and a discharge device communicating with said pipes at their "point of connection.

11. In an apparatus of the character described, means for producing steam at low temperature and pressure, means for dividing the steam as generated into two portions, means for bringing one portion of the Steam into contact with a detergent so as toform therewith by heat exchange, agitation and condensation of the steam a hot detergent solution, means for superheating the other portion of the steam, means for mixing the superheated steam with the hot detergent solution, and means for discharging the mixture against the surface to be treated.

12. In an apparatus of the character'described, a steam generator for generating steam under low pressure and temperature, a detergent tank, a cap closing the upper end of the tank, a pressure relief cock at the upper portion of the tank, a steam supplypipe leading from the outlet of the steam enerator to the tank and terminating near t e bottom thereof, a discharge pipe leading from the t n k, a superheater, avsteam supply pipe lea ing from the outlet of the steam generator to the superheater, a steam supply pipe leading from the superheater and connected with the discharge pipe lead- .ing from the tank, and a discharge pipe communicating with the two last-named pipes at their point ofconnection.

13. In an apparatus of the character described, a jacket, a steam generating unit arranged in said jacket and comprising a vertical central tubular column closed at both ends, a feed water pipe entering the lower end of the column, a mixing tank, a steam discharge pipe leading from the top of the column to said tank, an annular series of vertical pipe coils surrounding the column and having their upper and lower ends connected with the upper and lower ends of the column, alternate coils being coiled in the opposite direction from the intermediate coils, and all of said coils being intermeshed .generator, a pipe for conducting a portion of the steam from the'generator to the tank, a second pipe for conducting another portion of the steam from the generator to the superheating coil, and a discharge pipe connected in common with the superheating coil and the tank.

15. In an apparatus o-fthe character described, an upright generator including a. water container extending vertically of said generator and also having a plurality of steam generating coils connected with said watercontainer, a detergent tank mounted rigidly on said generator, a conductor leading from the generator to the detergent tank for conducting a hot gaseous fluid of water content directly to the tank to form a hot deter ent solution in said tank, a discharge pipe eadin' from the tank, a separate steam conductor ilaading from the generator and connected with the, tank discharge pipe for mixing with and impelling the discharged hot detergent solution, and a distributlng pipe for carrying the steam impelled hot so ution to a point of final discharge.

1 6. In an apparatus of the character de scribed, an upright generator including a water container extending vertically of said generator and also havmg a .plurality of steam generating coils connected with said water container, a detergent tank mounted contiguous to said generator and in fixed relation thereto, a conductor leading direct- 1y from the water container of thegenerator to the detergent tank for conducting satu rated steam to the tank to form a hot detergent solution in said tank, a discharge pipe leading from the tank, a separate steam conductor leading from the generator andconnected with the tank discharge pipe for mixing with and impelling the discharged hot detergent solution, and a distributing conductor for carrying the steam impelled hot solution to a point of final discharge.

17. In an apparatus of the character described, a generator constructed to produce a hot gaseous fluid of water content having a temperature near the boiling point of water and also constructed to produce steam under the same pressure as that of the hot fluid, a detergent tank contiguous to the generator, a pipe leading directly from the generator to the tank for separately conducting the said hot fluid to said tank, said tank containing a detergent which is mixed with the hot fluid to form a hot detergent solution, a discharge pipe leading from the lower end of the tank for conducting the hot solution therefrom by gravity, a steam pipe leading from the generator for conductingsteam to a point of connection with the discharge pipe for mixing with the hot solution, and a conductor extending from said point of -mixture, the steamimpelling said solution through said conductor.

v 18. In an apparatus for cleaning surfaces, a generator for generating a low temperature and a high temperature steam, a detergent container contiguous to the generator,

'aconductor for conveying the low temperathe generator for conveying the high temperature steam, the discharge conductor being connected with the second steam conductor, whereby the: steam and hot solution are mixed and impelled, and means for conduct- 7 in the steam impelled mixture from the sald point of mixture to the work.

19. In an apparatus for cleaning surfaces, means for generating saturated steam means for conveying a portion of said saturated steam to a detergent container and therein roducing by condensation a hot detergent liquid solution, means for conducting said liquid solution .from the container, means for heating the other ortion of said steam, means for conducting said heated steam from the generator and mixing it with the hot solution, whereby said solution is imtemperature steam,

discharge pipe 20. In an apparatus for cleaning surfaces, a steam generatorfor producing low and high a conductor for carrying ofl low temperature steam from one portion of the generator, a detergent which said first conductor is directly connected, a gravity discharge pipe leading from said tank and'free from connection with the first conductor, a second steam conductor leading from a separate point of the generator from the first conductor for carrying ofl' the high temperature steam, whereby steam maybe separately supplied and independently --conveyed by. each of said conductors, the second steam conductor and the being, connected, and a distributing conductor leading from the said point of connection. a

21 The method of cleaning surfaces which consists in generating saturated steam, dividing such steanr-into at least two portions, forming a saponaceous solution with one portion of said saturated steam,

heating another portion of said saturated steam, mixing the saponaceous solntion with the heated portion of steam, and projecting the mixture upon the surface to be cleaned.

22. The method of cleaning surfaces which consists in producing a heated gaseous fluid of Water content under a low pressure head, forming a saponaceous solution therewith,--generating superheated steam, uniting.

the solution and steam, and. projecting the mixture upon the surface to be treated.

23. The method of cleaning surfaces which consists in generating in large quantities saturated steam, utilizing a major portion of said saturated steam to form by condensation and agitation of a detergent material, a' saponaceous. solution, utilizing the -minor portion of said steam to produce a steam having impelling mixing the saponaceous solution while hot tank with 'erator, a tank properties, then .with the impelling steam, and then conducting the mixture under thev velocity of the impelling steam. to

the work.

'24. In an apparatus for cleaning surfaces,

a' generator having a water inlet, means for conducting saturated steam from the genfor containing a detergent material and connected with said conducting means for receiving saturated steam directly from the generator in .such quantities as to form by condensation a liquid detergent solution in said tank, a detergent solution discharge pipe leading from the tank, means for separately conducting steam from the generator at a higher temperature than the saturated steam, tank discharge pipe and the second steam conductor for mixing the higher. temperature steam with the 1i uid solution, whereby the latter is impelled y the velocity of the former, and a conductor leading from said connection for carrying said steam impelledsolution to the work.

25. The method of cleaning which consists in generating saturated steam, utilizing a portion of said saturated steam to form'bycondensation and agitation of a soapy material, a saponaceous solution, utilizing another portion of said saturated surfaces steam to produce a higher temperature steam having impelling qualities, then mixing the sa onaceous solution while hot with the impe ling under the velocity ofthe impelling steam, and finally discharging the mixture in a spray having a temperature at its point of contact with thework considerably-below the boiling point of water, and whereby the excessive heat of the steam is dissipated in the atmosphere.

In testimony whereof STUART AQWIER.

steam, then"conducting the .mixture I afiix my signature. I 

